[1st Assignment] What is globalization? - Kim Minji

 1) Summary

This article defines what globalization is through the opinions of various scholars. First of all, this article says that globalization is common and specific. It is common to include a number of discipline perspectives, but at the same time, it is a specific period to set boundaries with unique characteristics. The definition of globalization varies with no clarity, but it is nevertheless intended to provide a consistent statement, and many scholars talk about globalization in plural. The concept of globalization has expanded over time since its appearance. As social science phenomena such as sociology, politics, and anthropology developed and communism collapsed, this concept began to be used worldwide. And as a result, the division between those who take a global position on the economic side and those who take a global position beyond that has become inevitable. In the 1990s, the anti-globalization movement took place, capitalist globalization emerged, and in the early 2000s, the distinction between globalization from above and globalization from below emerged. Neoliberal globalization, which affects the economic aspect and is also considered an unpleasant aspect, has also emerged. The approach was also divided into one-dimensional (economic) and multi-dimensional, and the cultural aspects of the multi-dimensional sector are emerging today. As such, various discussions of globalization exist, and problems in the form of globalization continue to arise. In particular, society's dependence on individuals is growing due to personalization, which is clearer in the West and has become greater due to the vulnerability of Internet communication. Continuous attempts have been made to specify the concept of globalization, such as defining it as a concept narrower than a simple global one through the research of social scientists. However, this article emphasizes not to materialize globalization and talks about continuous efforts to spread the globalization narrative.


 2) What I learned, something new, or something to think about
What was interesting was Reacher's McDonaldization in terms of globalization. Reacher was interested in the spread of certain social and return not only to McDonald's but also to other companies such as Nike and Starbucks from the United States to the world, where he stressed the need for homogeneous spread like the generalized way of working people, but insisted that heterogeneity would be revealed if brands did not adapt to local conditions. For example, in India, where eating beef is prohibited, McDonald's has to use a different manufacturing method. Paradoxically, this interaction between economic and cultural aspects of globalization showed that the expansion of capitalism entails the elevation of cultural themes.

 3) the point of discussion
According to the perspective of this article, discussion and analysis of the concept are inevitable because globalization is a concept that is not clearly defined and should not materialize it. Despite the continuous development of globalization theory in recent years, globalization is often considered a negative cause of various global problems. How can we discuss globalization more effectively and consistently?

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