Blog Assignment 3: "What is the relation between politics and globalization?" - CHO MINSEOK
1. summary of the content
Political Globalization is defined as the interconnected organization of space and time across borders, focusing on postnational and transnational processes. Key aspects include the decline of the nation-state due to global forces, the emergence of transnational networks and flows, de- and reterritorialization processes, and the tension between emancipatory possibilities and loss of autonomy. It encompasses three core processes: Global Geopolitics, Global Normative Culture, and Polycentric Networks.
Spread of Democracy and Global Geopolitics
Democracy, as a pervasive form, has seen a worldwide spread, even demanded in areas where it is absent, such as China. Since the post-Soviet Union era, democracy is viewed as a universally acceptable government form. Global Geopolitics involves the U.S.'s bid for worldwide supremacy, legitimating global wars, and facing challenges from other centers of power.
Global Normative Culture
Human Rights and Environmental Concerns are central to global cosmopolitanism and have an influence beyond Western norms. Global Political Communication transcends national borders, with national politics being influenced by global discourses.
Polycentric Networks
Nonterritorial Politics involve forms of global governance that are emerging, highlighting the United Nations versus the notion of a global civil society. Global Civil Society is the political domain between state and market, including INGOs, grassroots organizations, and social movements.
Transformation of Nation-State, Nationality, and Citizenship
The Nation-State continues but transforms, with states being powerful but not fully in control, exemplified by the European Union’s regulatory governance. The decoupling processes involve a distinction between nationality and citizenship, and between nationhood and statehood.
Public Sphere and Political Communication
The Transformation of Communication includes the emergence of a global public discourse and the framing of political communication by global issues. Global Normative Culture influences changes in political communication.
Central Role of Civil Society
The 'Civil Societalization' of Politics involves politics being informed by global culture and the rise of new actors and governance structures. Global Civil Society challenges the institutional hegemony of nation-states and global capitalism, with contradictions between globalization tendencies and respect for differences.
Spaces and Borders
Spatial Dynamics involve new forms of political organization beyond national borders and the rescaling of politics due to globalization. The 'Spatial Turn' in Social Sciences highlights the importance of space in social and political relations and the emergence of new political spaces and opportunities for rebordering.
The rise of transnational non-governmental organizations (NGOs) on the issue of climate change is a prime example of a challenge to national sovereignty. For example, international environmental organizations such as Greenpeace and others calling for action on climate change are playing a role in influencing the internal affairs of countries.
ReplyDeleteClimate change is an issue that has implications beyond national borders, and responses to it require cooperation among nations. However, there are many differences of opinion among nations, and national economic and political interests make it difficult to reach consensus. In response, transnational environmental NGOs are facilitating the resolution of environmental issues beyond national sovereignty by raising international issues and calling for cooperation between countries.
The work of transnational environmental organizations supports cooperation among nations and is helping to build international consensus on the issue of climate change. At the same time, however, nations often resist this international pressure based on their own interests and political circumstances. This is an example of the tension between national sovereignty and the international community.